The Role of Doppler Imaging in the Assessment of Right Ventricular Function: a Case-control Study of Acute Inferior Wall Infarction

Background Right ventricular infarction (RVI) develops in 30-50% of patients with inferior wall infarction (IWI). The rates of mortality, morbidity, and complications in these patients are greater than in the patients without RVI. We compared the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) indices between a group of patients with IWI and RVI, with a similar group of patients who had IWI alone to investigate the application of TDI indices in the evaluation and detection of right ventricular function. Material and Methods We studied 49 patients with first acute IWI in two groups. Group 1 (N=24) were patients with IWI and RVI while group 2 consisted of patients with IWI alone (N=25), based on standard electrocardiogram criteria. The peak systolic (Sm), peak early (Em) and late (Am) diastolic velocities, and Em/Am ratio were obtained from the apical four chamber view, at the lateral side of the tricuspid annulus. We measured trans-tricuspid early (ET) and peak (AT) filling velocity, ET/AT ratio, right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDD), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by M-mode TDI projected at the long axis of parasternal view. Results The RVEDD and E/Em ratio were increased, while the TAPSE was significantly decreased in the patients with RVI as compared to those without RVI (4.7± 0.6 vs. 3.1±0.2 cm; p < 0.005, 5.6±2.21 Vs 4.5±1.2; p<0.006 and 1.7±0.4 vs. 2.3±0.5 cm; p <0.0001, respectively). However, the other statistically measured parameters were not significantly different between these groups. Conclusion The measurement of RVEDD, E/Em ratio, and TAPSE, as right ventricular myocardial systolic and diastolic parameters by pulse wave TDI could be used to objectively assess the status of RV condition in patients with first acute IWI.